News and Stories

High Blood Pressure and Stroke: What New Zealanders Should Know

Written by Zoom Pharmacy | 15 October 2025

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke, but regular checks and good management can help reduce that risk.

We all know someone affected by high blood pressure, but did you know it’s the leading cause of stroke in New Zealand?  Each year, around 9,000 Kiwis experience a stroke, and experts say most could be prevented through regular blood pressure checks and ongoing management.

That’s why we partner with Zoom Pharmacy, who make it easier than ever for members to stay on top of their medicines and get trusted health advice from qualified pharmacists all without leaving home.

Their latest article explains how high blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to stroke, what symptoms to look for, and how managing your blood pressure can protect you and your loved ones.

You can read the original article here but we’ve also published the full article below.

 

What is hypertension?


Definition & Blood Pressure Ranges

Hypertension is known by most people as high blood pressure. This medical condition is where the pressure in your bodies arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the measure of the force your blood pushes against your artery or blood vessel walls – it’s measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg).

Over time this extra pressure puts strain on your heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of serious heart problems. If left untreated, elevated blood pressure significantly increases the risk of heart attack, stroke and other serious health problems.

To identify high blood pressure the best practice is to get your blood pressure checked regularly. A blood pressure measurement has two numbers. Systolic (top number), which is the pressure when your heart pumps, and Diastolic (bottom number) which is the pressure between beats. There are four general categories of blood pressure:

  • Normal (ideal) blood pressure: <120 and <80 mm Hg
  • Elevated / Pre-hypertension: 120-129 and <80 mm Hg
  • Hypertension (stage 1): 130-139 or 80-89 mm Hg
  • Hypertension (stage 2): 140+ or 90+ mm Hg

Hypertension in New Zealand

High blood pressure is one of the most common health conditions in New Zealand, with roughly one fifth of New Zealanders having high blood pressure.

Many Kiwis who don’t actively monitor their blood pressure are unaware they have high blood pressure and are at a higher risk of serious health conditions like stroke – for which high blood pressure is the biggest risk factor.


What is a stroke and its types?

 

Overview of a stroke

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced. This interruption to blood supply causes the brain cells to die. There are two primary types of strokes:

Ischaemic stroke

Pronounced “iss-key-muhk”, this is the most common type of stroke. It occurs when blood supply to part of your brain is blocked by fatty deposits, blood clots or other debris. There are two types of ischemic strokes:

  • Thrombotic strokes are caused when a blood clot forms in your brain.
  • Embolic strokes occur when an embolism forms elsewhere in the body then travels to your brain and gets stuck in a blood vessel.

Haemorrhagic Stroke

A haemorrhagic stroke happens when a weakened blood vessel leaks or bursts, causing bleeding into the brain. A “haemorrhage” is the term for bleeding inside your body. This disruption to the normal blood flow in your brain will prevent it from getting the bood and oxygen it needs to survive. The pressure from the bleeding can also damage or kill brain cells.

 

Symptoms and recognition (F.A.S.T.)

Both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes are medical emergencies. It’s critical to get medical assistance and treatment as soon as possible, this can reduce brain damage and other complications. Learning the symptoms of a stroke could make a significant difference in someones recovery.

The F.A.S.T. acronym can be used to test for the common signs of a stroke.

Face. Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?

Arms. Ask the person to raise both arms and keep them up. Is one arm unable to rise? Or does one arm drift downward?

Speech. Speak with the person. Is their speech slurred or different from usual? Are they difficult to understand?

Take action. If you see any of these signs, and/or suspect a stroke call 111 for emergency medical help right away.

Join Stroke Aotearoa NZ on October 29th for WORLD STROKE DAY to drive public awareness of stroke, recognising the signs, and acting F.A.S.T.

 

How hypertension leads to stroke?

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the leading risk factor for strokes. It is a factor in about half of all strokes. When your blood pressure is high for extended periods of time it puts continuous strain on your arteries and blood vessels. The damage caused by high blood pressure increases your risk of both ischaemic stroke (caused by clots) and haemorrhagic stroke (caused by bleeding).

High blood pressure can lead to a stroke in several ways. It causes damage to blood vessels and increases the risk of an ischaemic stroke due to:

  • Blood vessels to becoming narrower and stiffer reducing blood flow to the brain.
  • Promoting build-up of fatty deposits (plaques), which clots can form on.
  • Higher chance of clots forming and breaking off, travelling to the brain and blocking circulation.

The damage it causes to blood vessels inside the brain also increases the risk of haemorrhagic stroke through:

  • Damage to the blood vessels creating tiny weak spots.
  • These weakened blood vessels are more likely to leak or rupture.
  • This increases the risk of a haemorrhage in or near the brain.

 

Can managing blood pressure reduce stroke risk?

 

Lifestyle modifications

Because it is the biggest risk factor in strokes reducing high blood pressure is critical to reducing your risk of having a stroke. Even small reductions in blood pressure can make a big difference. Here’s some of the key information relating to preventing or managing high blood pressure:

  • Maintain a healthy body weight, as being overweight places you at a much higher risk of developing high blood pressure.

  • Eat a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. A healthy, balanced diet will be positive for heart health and blood pressure.

  • Exercise regularly to strengthen the heart and improve circulation. Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days (even a brisk walk can be hugely beneficial).

  • Reduce salt/sodium in your diet. A diet high in sodium can increase blood pressure, so making sure not to exceed 2300mg of sodium per day is helpful.

  • Quit smoking as this can raise your risk of stroke or heart attacks significantly. Especially if you already have high blood pressure.

  • Limit alcohol, as drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure – it can also make blood pressure medicines less effective.

Screening and treatment

Regular BP checks at home:

Hypertension is often called the silent killer due to it often being symptomless, that means regular blood pressure checks are critically important. Home blood pressure monitors are a powerful tool that allows you to check frequently and make sure your lifestyle changes and/or medicines are working. You should still get your blood pressure measured with a healthcare provider regularly.  

Take your medications properly:

If you are diagnosed with hypertension, your doctors may prescribe medicines to help control it. These medicines will not “cure” the condition and usually need to be taken daily for life – unless lifestyle changes/weight loss is enough to return your blood pressure to normal.

Even if you’re feeling fine you should never cut back or quit taking your medication. Always consult your healthcare professional first.

 "Around 80–90 percent of strokes could be prevented and managing blood pressure is the single most powerful step you can take."

 

What to do if you think someone is having a stroke?

A stroke is a medical emergency. As we covered earlier in the article, recognizing the symptoms quickly is important – think F.A.S.T.

If you suspect someone may be having stroke think F.A.S.T – Face, Arm, Speech, Time/Take action and call 111 immediately.

 

A final thought from us

According to Stroke Aotearoa NZ,  most strokes are preventable. Up to 90% of strokes are linked to ten risk factors, including high blood pressure, physical inactivity, poor diet, and smoking – many of which can be controlled.

Managing health conditions like high blood pressure isn’t just about taking medicine - it’s about staying informed, consistent, and connected to trusted care.

Zoom Pharmacy helps make that easier, with reliable home delivery, refill reminders, and access to qualified pharmacists who can answer your questions. For many members, it’s a simple way to stay on top of their health without extra stress.

At HealthCarePlus, we share that goal by giving you access to practical tools and trusted partners that can help you take care of yourself, one step at a time.